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But now, due to a combination of climate change, drought, and fire suppression policies, the California firescape has become dominated by low-frequency, high-intensity “mega-fires”, a term coined by UC Berkeley fire scientist Scott Stephens. The Rim Fire provided an opportunity to ask an important question for fungal (and forest) ecology: can fungal spores in the soil survive the unnatural intensity of this mega-fire?  \n  \nGlassman’s work revealed that indeed there is a subset of “fire fungi”—in particular, several species of the *Rhizopogon* genus—that tolerate the prolonged heat from mega-fires. Despite an overall reduction in abundance and diversity of the soil fungi, some *Rhizopogon* spores, surprisingly, increased in abundance post-fire. These fire-fungi are symbiotic partners of pine trees, and are crucial for forest regeneration. The fungi associate with the roots of pine seedlings, providing them with nitrogen, phosphates, and increased water absorption, and in return, the pine seedlings provide sugars to feed the fungi. Luckily, even after the devastation of a mega-fire, the soil still contains the key ingredient to ensure rebirth of the pine forest: fungal spores. Now, according to Glassman, the soil plot is once again becoming green with a new generation of seedlings.  \n  \n*Top image: Certain fungi thrive in the wake of forest fires. Credit: Glia National Forest*  \n  \n","image":null,"authors":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b0583a","name":"Amanda Tose"}],"designers":[],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c4","title":"Archive"}],"magazine":{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058d1","title":"Spring 2016","issue":30}},"recent":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_6938eb7ba1914505ee622e1d","title":"From Karlsruhe to California","authors":[{"id":"6938eaf8a1914505ee622e1b","name":"Tom Althaus"}],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c3","title":"The Scientist Life"}],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/b5f70d5b1953e0ccf43dd094a6eda009/b5aca3e4328dc84e914c6ff93f96e63d.png"},"published_at":"2025-12-10T03:39:42.426Z"}},{"node":{"id":"Article_6930dbcfa1914505ee622e16","title":"Investigation without exploitation","authors":[{"id":"645880721e0c2a0a6f3373ae","name":"Elizabeth Lineberry"}],"categories":[{"id":"61fdc5cd1e0c2a0a6f3372c1","title":"Science and 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