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In this model, papers are published in freely available journals or are made available through shared servers.  \n  \nAt [UC Berkeley](http://www.berkeley.edu/), the [UC Presidential Open Access Policy](http://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/open-access-policy/policy-text/presidential/) makes it mandatory for all federally-funded UC researchers to give free access to their research publications. However, many challenges remain in instituting this policy, not to mention the larger-scale barriers to widespread adoption of open access publishing in the sciences. For one, publishing in an open access journal is often more expensive than publishing in traditional journals. To this end, the University provides funds to the authors to cover article processing charges through the [Berkeley Research Impact Initiative](http://guides.lib.berkeley.edu/brii).  \n  \nThe open access movement began in the early 2000s with two goals in mind: to foster collaboration between scientists and to return research ownership from journal editors to scientists. The transition from fee-based readership to open access is being accelerated by large governmental entities, such as federal labs and public universities, in the United States and Europe, where open access became law in several countries. Today, many large-scale research initiatives, such as the [Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation](http://www.gatesfoundation.org/), require research conducted with initiative grant money to be made freely available to the public.  \n  \nScientists who wish to make their research available to the public generally have two options: publish directly in an open access journal, or deposit drafts into a shared server prior to peer review. Researchers are increasingly turning to the latter, called “pre-printing”—sharing the latest version of their manuscripts before they are accepted for publication (or even submitted to a journal).  \n  \n“Astronomers and physicists have been sharing pre-prints since before the web existed,” says Alberto Pepe, founder of the authoring and pre-printing platform Authorea. “Pre-prints are an effective (and fully legal) way to make open access a reality in all scholarly fields.” Within hours, articles are available online, and scientists can interact with the author, leaving comments and feedback. Importantly, submission, storage, and access are all free. The pre-printing model ensures that an author’s work is visible and properly indexed by a number of tools, such as Google Scholar.  \n  \n[Michael Eisen](http://eisenlab.org/), a professor in the [Department of Molecular and Cell Biology](https://mcb.berkeley.edu/) at UC Berkeley, has been a proponent of open access since its early days (and co-founded the successful, entirely open access family of [PLoS journals](https://www.plos.org/)). In an email promoting [bioRxiv](http://biorxiv.org/), a pre-print server launched in 2013, he notes that “while pre-prints are not common in biomedicine, they are the norm in physics, math and computer science.” Furthermore, “most of these manuscripts eventually appear in traditional journals, following peer review, but pre-prints are the primary way that people in these fields communicate with each other.”  \n  \nAs more research becomes freely available, new metrics to evaluate a paper, called altmetrics, are also becoming more common. Rather than more traditional citation counts, altmetrics measure the presence of a paper on social media. While not a stamp of quality, it can serve as good complement to gauge the societal influence of a paper.  \n  \nFinally, open access publishing can also facilitate the preservation of the data contained within articles. Rachael Samberg, the [scholarly communication officer](http://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/) at UC Berkeley, points out that digitization has made papers essentially data, too. “Making research open access can facilitate its preservation because anyone with an interest in preserving it can do so,” Samberg says. “This is especially important for research which is potentially at risk of political manipulation.”  \n  \nScience is largely funded by taxpayer money. Increasingly, research institutions are acknowledging that citizens should have the right to freely access knowledge generated from federal funds.  \n  \n-------   \n  \n*Antoine Wojdyla* *is a project scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where he works on the upgrade of the Advanced Light Source synchrotron. He likes to eat croissants at Café Strada in the morning and to ride his bike in the Berkeley hills at sunset.*","image":{"publicURL":"/static/3ee45615e9247a18262bc1bb785ba1fd/4cebcd8ff15f7e0f2492540e1829bbcb.jpg"},"authors":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b05857","name":"Antoine Wojdyla"}],"designers":[],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c3","title":"The Scientist Life"}],"magazine":{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058d3","title":"Spring 2017","issue":32}},"recent":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_6a1b7b70a1914505ee622e8a","title":"A quarter-century of BSR","authors":[{"id":"6930d4c5a1914505ee622e05","name":"Eleanor Wang"}],"categories":[],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/e2535987c5657a0ccb90aefc70d390fa/d0381637f7e57d0c526bc22c6b39f421.png"},"published_at":"2026-05-31T19:32:44.843Z"}},{"node":{"id":"Article_6a1c7dfda1914505ee622e93","title":"A taste of Ohlone culture","authors":[{"id":"6a1b3e7ea1914505ee622e74","name":"Jack Schill"}],"categories":[{"id":"61fdc5cd1e0c2a0a6f3372c1","title":"Science and Society"}],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/7c0a8d7857085f221c3cf6c5b6578d0e/4d0dc80edda1095b8e6507ebeafd9a81.jpg"},"published_at":"2026-05-31T19:32:37.016Z"}},{"node":{"id":"Article_6a1c7d2ea1914505ee622e91","title":"The rains are coming","authors":[{"id":"684f9826a1914505ee622dcb","name":"Savvas Marcou"}],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058bc","title":"Climate Change"},{"id":"61fdc5cd1e0c2a0a6f3372c1","title":"Science and Society"}],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/f8a4923043b054cd1e972c4da212c28e/c5850deda96224cd2379429077ac4146.jpg"},"published_at":"2026-05-31T19:32:26.544Z"}},{"node":{"id":"Article_6a1b55f9a1914505ee622e86","title":"Making light work of matrix multiplication","authors":[{"id":"638bfcad1e0c2a0a6f337335","name":"Sam Oaks-Leaf"}],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058be","title":"Tech & AI"}],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/f63d20e26e94ffcca4c42deee4a15a82/8c12ed5e08b656d692f5dc0da7928d45.png"},"published_at":"2026-05-31T19:32:07.608Z"}}]},"related":{"edges":[{"node":{"id":"Article_6938eb7ba1914505ee622e1d","title":"From Karlsruhe to California","authors":[{"id":"6938eaf8a1914505ee622e1b","name":"Tom Althaus"}],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c3","title":"The Scientist Life"}],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/b5f70d5b1953e0ccf43dd094a6eda009/b5aca3e4328dc84e914c6ff93f96e63d.png"},"published_at":"2025-12-10T03:39:42.426Z"}},{"node":{"id":"Article_627088da1e0c2a0a6f337328","title":"Faculty Profile: James Nuñez","authors":[{"id":"627088eb1e0c2a0a6f33732a","name":"Meghan Pressimone"}],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c3","title":"The Scientist Life"},{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c1","title":"People"}],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/ecaabace5a04733c7db38f305894197a/25e7cb1044f1d1a404abc82fe1e4ce53.png"},"published_at":"2022-05-03T01:44:42.784Z"}},{"node":{"id":"Article_627088421e0c2a0a6f337324","title":"Faculty Profile: Liana Lareau","authors":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b0588f","name":"Sierra Lear"}],"categories":[{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c3","title":"The Scientist Life"},{"id":"6030b07d7782326a48b058c1","title":"People"}],"image":{"publicURL":"/static/02b98cc3bd87b10ddcfee73521439ec4/07ad4c5fe3f7598a1b8856ab385598bd.png"},"published_at":"2022-05-03T01:41:30.275Z"}},{"node":{"id":"Article_627087b81e0c2a0a6f337321","title":"Faculty Profile: Gloria Brar","authors":[{"id":"6099d26b19a23cc0de3288c2","name":"Héctor L. 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